After a college football team lost a key game against an arch rival, a crowd of fans ran onto the field, screaming and throwing things. The people in the crowd were otherwise law-abiding citizens. Their behavior can be explained by the principle of

Which of the following statements describes the nature of "stigma" as it relates to welfare? a) society values individual characteristics such as self-reliance and a willingness to work hard, welfare recipients are seen as dependent and lazy. b) social welfare hs been polarized as a "moral category", and its related policy includes treating the poor in a dignified manner, as to highlight the responsible nature of the welfare recipents. c) the norm of reciprocity explains the societal obligation to make some return for the things received, welfare recipents are stigmatized because they are able to be seen as making appropiate contributions for the benefits they incur. d) the capitalistic nature of u.s. society stresses that those who work hard and have the ability will be rewarded with success, welfare recipients are equal to those who do not receive welfare because both groups of people deserve the benefits of success.

Imagine a child who consistently gets mediocre grades and is often picked last for a team when games are played at recess. however, he likes to make silly jokes and play pranks, and he notices that people laugh when he does those things. the child starts to think that others are laughing with him, not at him. this is part of the process that charles cooley

"there will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioral or psychoanalytic therapy."; in this hypothesis, mood elevation is the: