A witness who was not a defendant invoked his Fifth Amendment right to remain silent during a federal criminal trial for insider trading. After being given derivative-use immunity, the witness testified. Several weeks later, the witness was a defendant in a state-law civil fraud proceeding based on his previous testimony in the federal trial. He moved to dismiss the case on the grounds that the previous grant of immunity protected him against a future action against him. Will the defendant's motion be granted? A. Yes, because a grant of immunity can be given to a witness who is not a defendant.
B. Yes, because the defendant was given derivative-use immunity.
C. No, because the defendant's immunity was limited to federal prosecution.
D. No, because the defendant's immunity does not extend to a subsequent civil trial.