Structural-functionalists argue that, in preindustrial societies, A. women, out of biological necessity, remained in the home bearing, nursing, and caring for children. b. women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. c. men equally shared responsibility with the women for caring for children. D. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children.

Option A: Women, out of biological necessity, remained in the home bearing, nursing, and caring for children.

Explanation:

Structural functionalism

This was said to have orginated in the 19th century as it was first considered a philosophy and later on a science. It is regarded as a type of consensus theory which states that society is based on mutual agreements. Its standpoint is that the creation and maintenance of shared values and norms as essential to society, and sees social change as a slow and an orderly process.

Emile Durkheim

This is widely known as the father of sociology. Often known as the pioneer of modern social research and established the field as separate and distinct from psychology and politics. Acheivement was stating the major proponent of functionalism and also argued that modern society was more complex than primitive societies because they were all similar, shared a common language.

Criticisms of Structural-Functionalism

1. It brings down or lower the role of the individual in society

2. It ignores inequality on race, gender basis etc that causes tension and conflict.

3. It is said not to truly account for change.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.