Sophia likes to watch television every night after dinner. Sophia adopts a kitten, Lilo. After switching on the television each night, Sophia calls out to Lilo to come snuggle with her on the couch. After two weeks of this routine, Lilo runs in and jumps into Sophia's lap as soon as she switches on the television. According to Pavlov's procedures, Lilo's behavior in this scenario is an example of .

Afederally funded research study involving children 8 to 12 years old involves collecting a single voided urine sample to assess the frequency of asymptomatic proteinuria (higher amounts of protein in the urine without any signs or symptoms of illness or infection). your irb has determined that assent of children age 8 and older is required for the study. a 10-year-old firmly declined to participate in the study described above. which of the following procedures best describes the action to be taken by the investigator? a. honor the child's decision b. consent both of the child's parents instead c. consent one of the child's parents instead d. request the child reconsider assenting to the study