Complete the following for the Passages: (Does or Does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (Does or Does not) commit a false cause fallacy. Passage A
This lever releases the parking brake and allows the car to move. When I got out of my car, I definitely engaged the parking brake. So either someone pulled the brake-release lever before my car went rolling down the hill, or else the brake itself was defective.
Passage B
Most of the time, after a priest administers last rites to an ill patient, the patient dies soon thereafter. Hence, there should be a law against priests administering last rites!
Passage C
Every time I am awake at 6:10 AM or earlier, my neighbor's sprinklers come on at exactly 6:10 AM. My neighbor said she wants her sprinklers to come on at 6:10 AM. So if I want to honor my neighbor's wishes, I should make sure that I am awake at 6:10 AM or earlier.
Passage D
The pastor of my church said that existentialism denied absolute truth and undermined the ideaof genuine moral standards. As far as I can tell, existentialism is a movement in philosophy that consists in some rather complex philosophical theories. So, I'll just take my pastor's word for it that existentialism is bad.
Passage E
That pilot who safely landed a commercial airliner in the Hudson River has been called a hero and was even invited to attend the president's State of the Union address. But there are hundreds of pilots in northern Alaska, Canada, and other remote areas who deliver supplies via seaplane and often land safely on water. Why don't they get invited to attend the president's State of the Union address?

Passage B

Most of the time, after a priest administers last rites to an ill patient, the patient dies soon thereafter. Hence, there should be a law against priests administering last rites!

Does not commit a fallacy

Explanation:

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.

a bad leader