The monarchs lost power because

The monarchs lost power because the aristocrats realized that the king needed their power and as a group, they were stronger than the king. Eventually, aristocrats in most city-states overthrew the monarchy and took the power for themselves.

idk

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.