Portuguese
Vasco-de-Gama of Portugal arrived on the coast of India on 17 May 1498, after which the way to India came. Vasco de Gama was assisted by Gujarati businessman Abdul Majid. He obtained the right of trade from the king of Calicut, whose title 'Zamorin', but was opposed by the Arab traders established there for years. In 1499, Vasco-de-Gama returned home and only after he returned, people came to know about the sea route of India.
In 1500, the Portuguese built their kothi near Cochin (Kerala). He also arranged for the protection of Kothi from the ruler Samuri (Zamorin) as Arab traders were against him. After this, the Portuguese also built chambers in Calicut and Kannanore. By that time, Portuguese was the only European trading force in India. They simply had to face the opposition of the Arabs. In 1510, the Portuguese took over Goa and made it their administrative center. This incident did not like Jamorin and he turned against the Portuguese. D-Almora was the first viceroy of the Portuguese Indian territory. After that [Alphonso de Albuquerque] was appointed the Voice of Portuguese. He looted the palace of Jamorin, the ruler of Calicut in 1510.
Dutch
Seeing the prosperity of the Portuguese, the Dutch were also attracted to India and Sri Lanka. The first ship of the Dutch reached India via Africa and Java in 1598. The first Dutch East Company was established in 1602 to do business with India. By this time, the British and French had also reached India, but in terms of seafarers the Dutch were preferred to them. The Dutche gave more importance to the export of Indian clothing than the spice. In 1602, the Dutch defeated Amboyna and defeated the Portuguese. After this, in 1612, the Dutch also drove out the Portuguese in Sri Lanka. They also served as Masulipatrum (1605), Pulicat (1610), Surat (1616), Bimilipatrum (1641), Karikal (1653), Chinsura (1653), Qasim Bazar, Badanagar, Patna, Baleshwar (Orissa) (1658), Nagapattanam (1658) And established their cells in Cochin (1663). However, one of the main objectives of the Dutch was to establish a link to their trade in the countries of East Asia by not trading with India, and on the other, the British and the Franciscans defeated them in wars both here and in Europe. Due to this the dominion of the Dutch did not remain in India for a long time.
English
The seafarers of England could not find the address of India until 1578 AD. In 1578 an English sailor named Sir Francis Drake looted a ship going to Lisbon. He got a map of the route to India from this ship. On 31 December 1600, some merchants gave Queen Elizabeth of England the right to establish the East India Company. They got permission to trade with the countries of the East. During 1601-03, the company opened a kothi at Sumatra at a place called Vantam. An English sailor named William Hawkins reached Surat by a ship called Hector. On coming there, he went to Agra and requested to open one of his kothis in Jahangir's court. The Portuguese had already been in Jahangir's court. By that time, there was no Portuguese fight with the Mughals and the Portuguese remained friendly with the Mughals. William Hawkins had to return. The Portuguese were defeated by the British at the Battle of Javali (Surat) in 1611 and Sir Thomas Roe was sent to the court of Jahangir by James I, the ruler of England, as his ambassador. There he got permission to open the English Kothi in Surat.
After this, British cells were established in Balasore (Baleshwar), Hariharpur, Madras (1633), Hooghly (1651) and Bombay (1688). But the increasing presence of the British and the circulation of their coins displeased the Mughals. They were expelled from Hooghly, Kasim Bazar, Patna, Machilipatnam, Visakha Pattanam and Bombay. In 1690, the British apologized to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and were successful in getting permission to open new chambers and make fortifications by paying fine.
