A study by Grimstvedt et al. (2010) of the effects of signage on stair use in university buildings examined the effect of placing signs encouraging stair use near elevators. Based on their design, Blake is designing a study for her campus. The initial part of the study will be a month-long measuring of elevator and stair use in four buildings on the campus. This will be followed by the treatment, which is the simultaneous posting of signs at each of the four locations. Elevator and stair use will then be measured for another month. Which type of design is this? A. stable baseline
B. multiple baseline
C. matched groups
D. interrupted time-series

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?