Dr. Johnson conducted a research study in which he investigated the effect of three different methods of teaching mathematics to three different classes of fifth grade students. However, one of the classes had smarter students than the other two and as a result this class demonstrated the most improvement in their mathematics scores. In spite of this problem, he concluded that the method used to teach mathematics to this class of students was the most effective. In this experiment, the intellectual ability of the students in the various classes was:

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy

Robbins (2008) diz que é fácil julgar outras pessoas se presumimos que elas são parecidas conosco. por exemplo, se você quer desafios e responsabilidades em seu trabalho, você supõe que os outros querem o mesmo. ou ainda, se você é honesto e confiável, toma como verdade que outras pessoas são igualmente honestas e confiáveis. essa tendência de atribuir as próprias características a outras pessoas é denominada: a) percepção seletiva b) projeção c) efeito de halo d) estereótipo e) efeito contraste

Donald was arrested for murdering an acquaintance. at the trial, donald takes the stand and testifies that he and the victim knew each other. he admits that they would drink and use drugs together. one night while partying, donald explains in his testimony, an argument got out of hand during a card game. donald explains that the victim accused him of cheating and pulled out a knife on him and started swinging it in the air. donald said that he had no choice but to pull out his gun and shoot the victim. the jury convicted donald of manslaughter. who would argue that donald weighed the potential costs and benefits of shooting the victim and decided to pull the trigger as a result of free will? a. a rational choice theorist b. a critical criminologist c. a conflict theorist d. a positivist