During the reformation, why did spain, france, and england either stayed catholic or became protestants?

When Elizabeth became Queen in 1558 on the death of her half-sister Mary, England had a decent relationship with Spain. Mary’s marriage to Philep of Spain obviously helped to cement this even if the marriage itself was not a success. There were those in the Privy Council and Parliament who believed that Elizabeth would marry Philip herself to ensure that both nations stayed 

which of the following is a subsurface event that takes place during the rock cycle?

  cementing  erosion  melting  weathering