When ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. his teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. this process is known as?

this process is known as: Tracking
In educational term, Tracking refers to a separation of students for his/her peers in order to give that student a different method in teaching.
One of the big negative effect of this type of treatment is that it make the student feel somehow felt discouraged and could stunt his//her progress even further