In his practice, dr. howard uses the idea that because actions are learned, they can also be unlearned through classical and operant conditioning. dr. howard is most likely a therapist.

where are the choices

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.