Thinking about party systems, which of the following is not an example of “equilibrium? ”

a) voters can reliably expect democrats and republicans to be the main parties in the next election.

b) voters can expect democrats to be more ideologically liberal and republicans more ideologically conservative.

c) voters can expect democrats to align with unions and urban interests and republicans to align more closely with corporations and rural interests.

d) while democrats are reluctant to change their core ideology, republicans embrace new principles that successfully draw support from opposition parties and court new constituents.

e) both democrats and republicans are reluctant to fundamentally change their respective party coalitions.