All of the money borrowed by a government and the interest on those loans is known as what

a surplus
the deficit
the public debt
an underperformance

Helen is a u.s. citizen and cpa, who moved to london, england three years ago to work for a british company. this year, she spent the entire year in london and earned a salary of $110,000. how much of her salary will she be allowed to exclude from gross income in the u.s.

President jefferson called a "wall of separation between church and state."

6–7. white-collar crime. matthew simpson and others created and operated a series of corporate entities to defraud telecommunications companies, creditors, credit reporting agencies, and others. through these entities, simpson and the others used routing codes and spoofing services to make long-distance calls appear to be local. they stole other firms’ network capacity and diverted payments to themselves. they leased goods and services without paying for them. to hide their association with their corporate entities and with each other, they used false identities, addresses, and credit histories, and issued false bills, invoices, financial statements, and credit references,. did these acts constitute mail and wire fraud? discuss. [united states v. simpson, 741 f.3d 539 (5th cir. 2014)] (see types of crimes.)