Which of president johnson’s actions led directly to his impeachment by congress?
a. he expressed his dislike for supporters of the radical republicans.
b. he vetoed many of the laws associated with the reconstruction acts.
c. he fired the secretary of war in violation of the tenure of office act.
d. he sought to limit the influence and power of the freedmen’s bureau.

The answer to the question: Which of President Johnson´s actions led directly to his impeachment by Congress, is, C: He fired the Secretary of War in violation of the Tenure of Office Act.

Explanation:

Lyndon B. Johnson, the 17th U.S President, was impeached on February, 1868, due to his decision to remove his Secretary of War, Edwin MacMasters Stanton from office, in direct violation of the Tenure of Office Act, signed on March 1867, and which sought to directly protect Stanton from the actions of the President. In firing Stanton from office, and making use of what had been established in Article II of the Constitution, the House of Representatives thus impeached Johnson. The impeachement, however, was not successful, as it failed to receive the necessary two-thirds vote in the Senate, and in the end, the process was left alone.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.