In what way do minor parties make a significant contribution to the political system?

in brief the senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

explanation:

the topics being handled in article 1, section 7, of the u.s constitution, revolve around two issues: the first, the correct procedure to pass legislation regarding revenue production through tax, and the second, the correct process for creating and passing law. in the first case, the text of the constitution literally states that all bills regarding the raising of money, or revenue, need to first be proposed by the house of representatives, although the senate may also play a role here by either proposing such a bill to the house, or agreeing with one being proposed by the house. the second portion, speaks about the process to create, pass and enact legislation. the bill must first be raised by one of the houses, then it must be voted by the plenaries of both houses, and then, it must be presented to the president of the united states, who will either accept it, or veto it, and send it back for reconsideration. if it is not sent back, then the bill is passed into law. if sent back by the president, then the house where the bill originated from will vote again, and if passed by two thirds of the majority, then it goes to the other house, with the observations from the president, for voting. if it passes there as well, then, the bill becomes law, with a few exceptions. this is what is explained in article i, section 7, of the u.s constitution.

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the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.