Which model of bureaucracy explains that individual advancement is supposed to be based on merit rather than political connections?

Segregation or discriminatory practices that occur even when there is no explicit legal enforcement

The controlled use of fire by hominids: (a) limited the expansion of hominids into certain environments, such as dry grasslands. (b) decreased the amount of food energy available in the hominid diet. (c) contributed to geographical expansion and food production techniques in positive ways. (d) has been shown to contribute little to the digestive process of hominids.

The judicial system of courts derives its powers from what article of the constitution