Overfarming and overgrazing farmlands have been a major influence in which destructive process?
a. deforestation
b. reforestation
c. desertification
d. income distribution

In order to make room for farmlands we have to deforest a certain area, if it is covered by trees. When we overwork and overgraze the land, we are practicaly draining it from all the vital elements, such as water and minerals. This land over time becomes dry and infertile, and that is why we call it C. desertification. In this way, humans reduce the bilogical productivity of the lands.

i'll just take the points xd

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.