For each of the following suggested explanations, identify why it is valid or invalid using this key. The choices (A, B, C, D or E) can be used more than once. A. valid alternate explanation, suggesting a preexisting difference between the groups
B. valid alternate explanation, suggesting a difference in treatment
C. valid alternate explanation questioning the validity of the outcome measure
D. Invalid alternate explanation, dismissing the relationship
E. invalid alternate explanation, endorsing the original claim

The correct choice for statement 1 is A

The correct choice for statement 2 is C

The correct choice for statement 3 is E

The correct choice for statement 4 is A

The correct choice for statement 5 is B

The correct choice for statement 6 is D

Explanation:

The exact question is -

Given - For each of the following suggested explanations, identify why it is valid or invalid using this key. The choices (A, B, C, D or E) can be used more than once.

A. valid alternate explanation, suggesting a preexisting difference between the groups

B. valid alternate explanation, suggesting a difference in treatment

C. valid alternate explanation questioning the validity of the outcome measure

D. Invalid alternate explanation, dismissing the relationship

E. invalid alternate explanation, endorsing the original claim

To find -

Verbal Advantage costs money and runs on a computer. Therefore, people who buy Verbal Advantage have at least some disposable income and have access to computers. Perhaps they are from a higher socio-economic status (SES) than those who don't buy it. People from a higher SES will have different jobs than people from a lower SES. The jobs available to people in higher SES brackets will allow them to earn more money. They are claiming that the people who buy Verbal Advantage will earn more money but have only shown that they might do better on the specific words they were trained on. It doesn't mention how much money people are making. Verbal Advantage gives definitions and pronunciation to help people learn. People who buy Verbal Advantage are motivated to do things to earn more money. The group of people who would be influenced by the Verbal Advantage advertising might also look for opportunities to work extra shifts. It is working the extra shifts that is increasing their income, not the Verbal Advantage. By using Verbal Advantage, one spends 15 minutes a day listening to language (instead of music/silence/anything else.) Perhaps being exposed to more language increases your ability to earn money by making you a better listener. It is just being exposed to more language that leads to an increased income, not anything specifically about Verbal Advantage. Using Verbal Advantage doesn't increase your income.

Answer :

The correct choice for statement 1 is A

The correct choice for statement 2 is C

The correct choice for statement 3 is E

The correct choice for statement 4 is A

The correct choice for statement 5 is B

The correct choice for statement 6 is D