Look at the graph. Then answer the question that follows. The stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, ushering in the Great Depression. Based on the data in the graph, what conclusion can be drawn about unemployment? A) Unemployment can rise suddenly in response to economic crashes, but recovery can be slow and take many years. B) Unemployment rates will slowly decline in response to sudden economic collapses, but will rebound quickly after the crash is over. C) The only event that could lower skyrocketing unemployment during the Great Depression was the US entry into World War II. Eliminate D) After the stock market crash, unemployment rates rose slowly but steadily over the next decade as the Great Depression deepened over time.

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.

more than 1 person for sure

q1: artillery

q2: simon bolivar

q3:   their workers and farmers demanded a return to spanish rule.

q4: drafted new constitutions

q5: oligarchies have replaced monarchies