3. Does topsoil need to be permeable or impermeable. Explain why.

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Top soil is typically very permeable because it is constantly being punctured by roots and traversed by organisms such as worms. Water drains quickly through top soil but much more of it is absorbed by layers of clay found deeper in the soil.

Explanation:

All soils are permeable to some extent. Deep seepage occurs to a limited extent even in very slowly permeable subsoils. However, if the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil is about one tenth that of the surface soil, the subsoil is considered impermeable from a drainage design standpoint

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