When local fishermen are affected by the dumping of toxic waste into the local river by a factory, we call this ? 1- external costs
2- total welfare
3-external benefits
5- social benefits

Please helpp!!

External cost

Explanation:

External cost is a negative externality that occurs when the action of an economic agent results into a negative effect on a third party that wasn't involved in the transaction.

Here, the local fishermen being affected by the dumping of toxic waste into the local river by a factory, shows an external cost. The production activities of the firm resulted in the spillover effect.

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.