Establishing, maintaining, and implementing plans for emergency response, backup operations, and post disaster recovery for organizational information systems to ensure the availability of critical information resources and continuity of operations in emergency situations is a

Contingency planning

Explanation:

A contingency plan is a back up plan, an emergency plan that is established to help to manage risks in the likelihood that they occur. A contingency plan is often used by businesses, governments etc to return back to operations as soon as possible after an unforeseen occurrence. The key elements in this plan are

1. To offer protection,

2. detection, and

3. Being able to recover.

a. the moon was locked into orbit by the earths gravity as it was passing by and capture hypothesis i think

the first question's answer is a.