Parminedes does not speak of a physical element as the foundation of reality, he speaks of something non-material, immutable, immobile, unique and eternal. Permenides names it?

mali had been a state inside of the ghanaian empire. after ghana fell because of invading forces and internal disputes, mali rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named sundiata, the "lion king." the songhai empire, already weakened by internal political struggles, went into decline.