An important characteristic of the earliest permanent human settlements was that
a. predators were eradicated
b. infant mortality was almost unknown
c. they were established near rivers
d. gathered food was stored

d. gathered food was stored

Explanation:

An important characteristic of the earliest permanent human settlements was that gathered food was stored. This allowed the settlements to survive better through harsh times such as the winter. Also by storing food less hunters were needed for the settlement and individuals began to focus and learn other trades in order to advance with the civilization.

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the answer is b, encourage free trade

i think it is the third one.