What trade routs connected west Africa with the middle east how might this have affected the pepole who lived in ghana mali and songhai

Figure out who is lying and telling the are 2 truth telers and 3 liarsperson a says person e is lyingperson b says person c is lyingperson c says person b id lyingperson d says person b is telling the truthperson e says person c is telling the truth

Which two words in this excerpt from the count of monte cristo can be used as synonyms to determine the meaning of the word grotto? dantès entered the second grotto. the second grotto was lower and more gloomy than the first; the air that could only enter by the newly formed opening had the mephitic smell dantès was surprised not to find in the outer cavern. he waited in order to allow pure air to displace the foul atmosphere, and then went on.

Based on the text why did another christian church appeal to european princes?