The river valley civilizations shown in the map addressed their growing populations by developing-

D. advanced technology in irrigation to create agricultural surpluses

Explanation:

There is no map so I do not know which river valley civilization you speak of but I found the options for this question with the answer above being the most likely answer.

The question most probably alludes to the Indus River Valley Civilization which is one of the oldest civilizations to ever exist in the human world.

They had quite a high population for the time and so came up with various technological advances to cater for their people including sewage and water systems.

It was their work with irrigation that earned them high praise however. They came up with advanced irrigation techniques which ensured that agriculture boomed and created enough food to feed the population.

levels of production can be increased by technology while holding labor and capital constant, because increased technology makes the production process more efficient. subsequently, the lras curve is almost a vertical line, that can shift to the right, with an increase in technology.

the relationship between the lras curve and the ppc is that both can make the economy could grow. the ppc achieves that when it shifts outward because of more resources or technological advances while the lras curve shifts if more resources are developed or if there are technological advances.

the lras curve is a vertical line at an output level that represents the number of goods and services a nation can produce over a sustained period using all of its productive resources as efficiently as possible with all of the current technology available to it.

the production possibilities frontier (ppf) is a graphical device that is used for economic analysis of production decisions because the ppf measures the maximum possible combinations of two goods that an economy is capable of producing with its currently available resources and technology.