Refers to the disparity between iq scores among european americans and other minority groups.
a. gender gap
b. stanford-binet
c. flynn effect
d. ethnic gap

the answer is d. ethnic gap

among some of the factors involved in determining why these disparities exist and subject to constant revision by science (neurosciences, sociology, psychology, etc) are :

the colder and unstable climate of the homeland of the ethnic group the higher the average iq. from this we can infer, nordic countries in comparison to ecuatorian ones would have higher iq which turns to be for this case true.   broadly speaking average iq's tend to be low on tropical lands starting from the equator and riseprogressively towards the south and north poles.

there will always be exceptions to this, given the fact that social and cultural factors get as well involved. furthermore, some factors as the degree of urbanization tend to affect in a higher iq, and also changes in society and the impact of technology can profit in having better iq statistics.

d.ethnic gap refers to the disparity between iq scores among european americans and other minority groups.

b) trade is easy because of the direct line between their major ports. bilateral trade reached 89,6 thousand million.

answer; (i-o) psychologist