What is the physical and human characteristics in this picture?

Arecent challenge to the european union created by a member state is?

Pj conducts an experimental study on the effects of soft music during high stakes science testing. he randomly assigns students at the school. in one condition he does not provide music for testing while in the other group he does provide the music. he administers a pretest at the beginning of the year and a posttest at the end of the year. pj’s design is best described as a: a.static group comparisonb. pretest-posttest control group designc.control-group-time-series designd. nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design

How did adams use the judiciary act of 1801 to strengthen the power of the federalist? do you think that adams acted appropriately?