Pioneers who journeyed to the West moved quickly through mountain passes to avoid traveling through rainstorms, which made trails slick and wet. in the dark, which made it difficult to follow the trail. in large groups, which could attract attacks by wild animals. through the first snows of winter, which could trap a party.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

states grant a variety of local governments power to meet residents’ needs (source: apex learning). hope this !