He recognized immediately that the last two hieroglyphs were the same as two in Ramesses and read "mes." They were accompanied by the figure of a bird, an ibis. Champollion knew from reading ancient Greek books that the ibis was the symbol of Thoth, the Egyptian god of learning and magic. He decided the three hieroglyphs must represent the name of Thothmes, the "Child of Thoth," a pharaoh who ruled Egypt from 1501 to 1447 B. C. Based on the excerpt, what detail did Champollion use to conclude that the hieroglyphics represent the pharaoh Thothmes?

the title of Thoth as the god of learning and magic
the dates that Thothmes ruled Egypt
the symbolic meaning of the ibis
the ancient Greek language

the symbolic meaning of the ibis

Explanation:

Champollion was a scientist who was focused on Egypt and hieroglyphs, and he is famous for their translation. The passage explains his process of deduction and understanding of the symbols.

Champollion knew that the bird of ibis symbolizes the god Th*ot, protector of magic and knowledge. He gathered this from his earlier learning of the Greek books. Therefore, he realized the hieroglyphs presenting the ibis had something to do with this god. By deduction, he realized they represent the name of the pharaoh Thothmes  which means “Child of Th*ot”

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

clearcutting reproduces a new even-aged stand by completely removing the mature stand.

clearcutting as a silvicultural treatment has several characteristics:

it causes a sudden environmental change

it removes the seed source from the regeneration area

the configuration of the clearcut may affect seed dispersal

it begins a new rotation

it will eliminate some pests that require forest cover

overall, it temporarily removes the forest cover, transforming the forest community and environment.

clearcutting followed by artificial (seeded or planted) regeneration has several advantages:

we can avoid delay in restocking the site

we can introduce a selected species, seed source, and genotype

we can control arrangement and spacing

we can achieve uniformity in the new stand

we can overcome the problems associated with securing sufficient natural regeneration.

the shelterwood method involves the removal of most of the mature stand at the end of the rotation, but a portion of the mature stand is left standing.   the shelterwood method serves three basic purposes:

to prepare the stand for production of abundant seed

to modify the environment in a way that promotes germination and survival of the selected species

to build up the amount and size of advance regeneration to ensure the prompt restocking of the new stand following overstory removal.

the shelterwood method involves a sequence of 3 cuttings:

preparatory cuttings: make the seed trees more vigorous and set the stage for regeneration. see our thinning page for more information.

establishment/seed cuttings: open up enough vacant growing space to allow establishment of the new regeneration.

removal cuttings: uncover the new crop to allow it to fill the growing space.

the residual trees in the shelterwood must:

be sturdy and windfirm

be able to survive exposure

flower and reproduce seed

be the best trees of the mature stand

keep in mind that the shelter trees must not occupy the entire site.   a void must be created in order to make room for the new regeneration. the amount of shelter to leave will depend on the following factors:

species characteristics (seeding and shelter requirements)

the number of cuttings in the cutting sequence (1, 2, or 3)

landowner objectives

the size of the area to be regenerated

the final removal harvest level required to be profitable

the shelter must be removed before it impedes the growth of the new stand or threatens its survival.