A testcross involves crossing with a(n) individual and is used to determine the of the tested parent.

Purebred recessive; genotype

Explanation:

Purebred recessive dominant allele combination contains two dominant alleles and expresses the dominant phenotype (expressed physical trait). A Purebred recessive allele combination contains two recessive alleles and expresses the recessive phenotype.

answer; /// (culture);

fertile good for trade etc