Describe what “European Colonization” mean in your own words

The principal effector function of igm is

What are the relation of community dynamics and community action to applied social sciences?

Atraffic cop has pulled over a speeder, only to discover that he has stopped a close friend. the police officer is torn, because his professional obligations demand that he punish the speeder, but his personal obligations suggest that he should give a friend a break. what is this called?