Describe the rise and transformation of political parties.

The history of political parties in United States can be tracked down to the rise of two groups: Federalist and Anti-Federalist.

The Federalist wanted the central government to have more power that what's written within the constitution while the anti-federalist wanted to limit the power of the central government.

The battle of ideologies between these two groups is what drive American politics in late 1700s.

But, the people soon realize that people could have different ideologies on how to run the government even if they're belong to the same political party. Over the course of the years, The people within Federalist and Anti-federalist group started to separate in order to form new political parties.

This laid the foundation to the formation of other poltiical parties in United States such as the Republican party, the progressive party, the whig party, the Democrats, the populist party, etc.

this statement is true.

forests are public goods, available for everybody. when usage of such a good becomes interesting for consumers and its usage increases, there can be a risk of overexploitation. it is a non rival good therefore, if one person consumes the good it does not reduce the availability for subsequent consumers.

these caracteristics require the establishment of measures in order to prevent the destruction of a commonly owned space, for example, to restrict the amount of people that have access to the same time.

i think it is the third one.