After Black Codes were established in the South, unemployed African Americans could be arrested as vagrants.
could take their pick of jobs.
often escaped to the North.
were returned to enslavement.

Neighborhood and community characteristics: the social ecology approach emphasizes the view that certain social and physical characteristics of neighborhoods and communities influence the likelihood of committing deviance and crime.imagine that you are in a position as a community leader. there are several neighborhoods in your community with: high poverty rates low quality housing single parent households which issue would you address first, and what strategies would you propose to address this issue?