Which political feature is the arrow pointing at?
Southwest Asia (Middle East)

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada

Clean air provides nitrogen

It is meant that like tapestry scientific theories often need to pull out since they are not relevant and often times the whole chain of theories may be pulled out.