So here's a simple reading article about the crusaders, I need help on the first question at the bottom. (all the words or groups of words in this (((EXAMPLE))) are the bolded terms for the question at the bottom) In the late 1000s, a group of Christians on pilgrimage from holy sites in Jerusalem informed Europeans that an army of Turkish Muslims had attacked and controlled Palestine. These attacks moved northwest into the Byzantine Empire. The Orthodox Emperor there requested help from (((Catholic Pope Urban III))) , who then sent word throughout Europe for nobles to stop squabbling with each other over land and to unite against the threat.
Crowds of people responded, from the common man to kings, and gathered in France. The first batch of fighters who marched in 1096 were mere commoners with limited fighting skills. They sewed crosses onto their clothing to show they were fighting for God. The word (((Crusade))) for which the following wars over Palestine came to be called, meant (((“marked with a cross” in Latin))) . The Turks easily destroyed those who weren’t killed on the way by poor diets and disease.

The next wave in 1099 contained armored knights and trained warriors, and they managed to take back Jerusalem and divided their conquest into four feudalistic kingdoms. The French and German kings launched the next crusade in 1147, only to lose many men on the way. In less than a year, they were forced to return to Europe due to bad battle strategy and heavy losses. This failed attempt wasn’t considered a crusade.
When the Muslims (((retook Jerusalem in 1189))) , a third crusade was launched by English, German, and French kings. The German King died and the French king retreated. Only (((King Richard I))) surged forward against (((Saladin))) of the Muslims. Saladin had a reputation for justice and mercy. He and King Richard battled and negotiated for months. Eventually, King Richard gained safe passage for Christian pilgrims but left Jerusalem in Muslim hands.

The (((fourth crusade of 1201))) left all of Christendom divided. A smaller army of Frenchmen headed south with the intent to sail from Venice to the Holy Land. However, they didn’t have money to pay so they struck a deal. The Venetians asked them to sack a rival city in exchange for the trip, and the French agreed. The army did so, and eventually also attacked Constantinople, a Christian empire!

1. Explain how the crusades united the tribes of Europe. Use at least one of the bolded words in your answer.