What are the elements of the state?

Dr. redbull conducts a study to determine whether her new energy drink children perform better on spelling tests. she randomly assigns children to one of two groups: group 1 receives her energy drink and group 2 receives water. she then gives both groups a spelling test and compares the results. which of the following is true about this study? a. group 1 is the dependent variable and group 2 is the independent variable. b. this is a correlational study. c. group 2 is the experimental group. d. the independent variable is the type of drink the children receive.

In e. c. tolman's experiment, some rats were trained to run through mazes for standard food goals, while other rats were allowed to explore the mazes for 10 days without food goals or other rewards. later, when food rewards were placed in a box at the far end of the maze, the previously unrewarded rats reached the food box as quickly as the rewarded rats after only one or two trials. this experiment demonstrated that the rats had the ability to form of their surroundings.

What does one prolonged blast and one short blast mean?