to what extent did europeans transform earlier patterns of commerce in the eastern hemisphere and in what ways did they assimilate into those older patterns

Europeans for the first time operated on a global scale, forging new trade networks across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They also facilitated the full integration of fur-supplying regions into wider trade networks. But in other ways, the Europeans assimilated older patterns, as in the Indian Ocean, where they sought to dominate previously established trade routes, and they continued to trade many of the same products.

A, c, and d are the answers