What is the defense of superior orders?Why have such a defense? When should the defense be available? What should be done in the case of ambiguous orders or when oral commands
contradict written directives? Must the belief that a superior order is lawful be reasonable?
Should different standards apply to privates than to persons higher up the chain of command?What should a soldier do when he is given an order that he thinks is unlawful?

answer; proximity;

answer; the cats meowing will temporarily increase, but then it will decrease;

answer; the automatic system because it is a "gut reactor"  

male citizens in athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city and serve on juries. however, democracy was not open to everyone. citizen women and children were not allowed to vote. slaves and foreigners living in athens (known as metics) were banned from participating in government.