What are some of the observable patterns in vote choice?

Voter location: urban citizens were more likely to be supportive of socialist policies, while rural citizens were favorable of conservative parties. Voters can be influenced by: surprise, anger, anxiety, fear and pride based upon affective influences. The loss aversion theory is often associated with voting behavior as people are more likely to use their vote to avoid the effect of an unfavorable policy rather than supporting a favorable policy. 

Where are the choices?