What are the advantages and disadvantages of open borders?

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advantages: Reduces the Cost of Government: Controlling borders creates a financial drain on governments. For example, the United States spent $18.9 billion on border security in 2017, a figure estimated to increase to $23.1 billion in 2019. In addition, during 2018, the U.S. government spent $3.0 billion—$8.43 million per day—to detain illegal immigrants.

Stimulates the Economy: Throughout history, immigration has helped fuel the economies of nations. Often driven by poverty and lack of opportunity, immigrants are often eager to do much-needed work that citizens of their new countries are unwilling to do. Once employed, they contribute to the local economy and society. In a phenomenon dubbed the “immigration surplus,” immigrants in the workforce increase the nation’s level of human capital, inevitably increasing production and raising its annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For example, immigrants increase the GDP of the United States by an estimated $36 to $72 billion per year.

Creates Greater Cultural Diversity: Societies have consistently benefited from ethnic diversity resulting from immigration. The new ideas, skills, and cultural practices brought by new immigrants allow society to grow and thrive. Open borders advocates argue that diversity fuels an environment in which people live and work, thus contributing to greater creativity.

Disivanteges: Creates Security Threats: Open borders enable terrorism and crime. According to data from the U.S. Department of Justice, undocumented immigrants made up 26% total population of federal prisoners in 2018. In addition, U.S. border control officers seized nearly 4.5 million pounds of illegal narcotics at border crossings and ports of entry in 2018.

Drains the Economy: Immigrants increase the economy only if the taxes they pay exceeds the costs they create. This happens only if a majority of immigrants are well-educated and attain higher income levels. Historically, however, many immigrants represent a less-educated, lower-income demographic, thus creating a net drain of the economy.

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