According to Beck, when people see themselves in a pessimistic way and assume that people do not like them, they have a .

negative self-schema

Explanation:

Self-schema: It is described as a stable set and long-lasting memories that tend to sum-up an individual's generalizations, beliefs, and experiences about himself or herself, in particular, "behavioral domains".

Negative self-schema: In psychology, the term "negative self-schema" is determined as a schema that is being developed in an individual's mind through negative experiences including bullying, criticism, and abuse. It is usually being developed at an early age of a person's life and can often last long.

In the question above, the given statement represents "negative self-schema".

is there multiple choice or do you need like an essay answer?

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.