Curbs on the power of the majority to make decisions that would benefit some at the expense of others are called?

Civil Rights

Explanation:

The problem with majority rule in a nation is that it might lead to the problem known as ''The Tyranny of the Majority''. This is what happens when the majority make decisions that would benefit the majority at the expense of the minority.

Civil Rights guard against this by making sure that everyone has equal rights which means that they should be protected from decisions that might discriminate against them.  

answer; when the government fails to protect the fundamental rights of the people;

answer; english speaking;