At first, a coach praises a basketball player for behaviors that are only remotely like those that will sink a basket. Gradually, the coach restricts praise to behaviors that are closer and closer to the desired behavior. The coach is using a training strategy called:

shaping

Explanation:

In this scenario, the coach is using a training strategy called shaping. This strategy revolves around providing positive reinforcement to the subject starting with a wide range of behavior. This range is lessened as time progresses leading to positive reinforcement being only given out for a very specific desired behavior. This is a way of leading the subject more towards that desired behavior and less toward other behaviors until that desired behavior is perfected.

answer; by working independently, the states have a high likelihood of developing innovative solutions that can be employed in other states;