With the defeat and abdication of napoleon, france returned to a

Monarchy

Explanation:

As the European powers neighboring with France (and England) mostly were dynasties, they still wanted a return to the past in France, where absolute monarchies were notable. The Russian Tzars were also willing to support conservative royal houses as France had endangered the interests of other monarchies like the Habsburgs.

France underwent a period of enormous social revolts and instability, often challenging the promised benefits of Illustration and Englightment.

The time of turmoil was most present as the promise of a better quality of life and the premise that reason would guide politics and economy came challenged. Europe, in general, preferred a turning back to the old ways as the revolutionary ideas posed radical changes. The royal houses organized to secure the long tradition of power in Europe restoring monarchy.

it is a part of john locke's natural rights popular during the age of enlightenment that people had inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. this was reflected by thomas jefferson in his declaration of independence as rights to life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

another line in the declaration of independence is that people have certain rights just because they are human. humans are capable of obeying the three natural rights john locke mentioned making them governable by these laws and therefore entitled to these rights as well.