Psychologists study animals because a. similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior. b. the ethical treatment of animals is not mandated by professional guidelines. c. animal behavior is just as complex as human behavior. d. experiments on people are generally considered to be unethical.

a is the answer because it just is

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

the declaration states, “we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness….”

answer; caravan;