Theapproach for measuring fair value estimates value by estimating future amounts of earnings or cash flows and then mathematically converting these amounts to a single present value.

"Income" is the right choice.

Explanation:

muslims have taken his goods and products to different parts of asia an indonesia. sometimes just traveled and trade, but in other occasions, stayed in the place and made a living.

trade was the key for muslims economies to prosper. their commerce routes reached far places like malaysia and java in the 11th century.

another important factor for prosperity was that muslim states served as the middle point for european traders.

they used to travel by land but sailing the seas -the indian ocean- really increase the exportation of products.

answer; longitudinal;