Is the exclusion of groups from rights and responsibilities oppression by force or oppression by deprivation?

Oppression by deprivation.

Explanation:

Exclusion of rights does not necessarily involve direct force or violence by the powers taking away those rights (but it often does). Taking away someone's rights deprives them of such, therefore it is oppression by deprivation.

local max is .5

step-by-step explanation:

the local maximum is for x values between 2 and 4

it looks like the x value is 2.5 and the y value is .5

answer; shipments were made easier,and trade was easier;