Leonard can remember exactly where he was and how he felt when he got the call to tell him that his grandmother had died; the weather, the time, what activities he was engaged in. He feels that the memory of this day is more vivid and intense than his memory of a regular day would be. Leonard’s experience is an example of a memory. These memories can be triggered by events or experiences that are very emotional in nature.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

answer; mission;

answer; fulfilling a goal of the president's council of physical fitness and sports;